According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which is a hygiene factor?

• A. Salary
• B. Achievement
• C. Recognition
• D. Responsibility

Answer: (A)

Herzberg's two-factor theory divides job factors into hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors are about the work environment and pay to prevent dissatisfaction; they don’t by themselves create long-lasting motivation. Salary fits this group because adequate pay helps prevent discontent with money, but simply increasing pay won’t necessarily produce lasting motivation. The other options—achievement, recognition, and taking on more responsibility—are examples of motivators, which raise job satisfaction and motivation when present. Because the question asks for a hygiene factor, salary is the best choice.