Theory X and Theory Y describe different assumptions about workers. Which statement is correct?

• A. Theory X assumes workers are lazy and need control; Theory Y assumes workers are self-motivated and seek responsibility.
• B. Theory X relies on trust and empowerment; Theory Y relies on strict supervision.
• C. Theory X is about leadership; Theory Y is about management.
• D. Both theories assume workers are inherently unmotivated.

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is how managers’ beliefs about workers shape their management style. The best statement captures the contrast between the two theories: Theory X thinks workers are lazy and need to be controlled, while Theory Y thinks workers are self-motivated and will seek responsibility.

Theory X comes from a belief that people dislike work, avoid effort, and must be coerced or controlled through close supervision, punishment, and external rewards. This leads to autocratic, centralized management with tight oversight. Theory Y, on the other hand, views people as capable of self-direction, motivated by achievement, growth, and the desire to take on responsibility. Managers who subscribe to Theory Y tend to share decision-making, delegate more, and create conditions that empower employees.

The other statements mix up these ideas. Trust and empowerment are associated with Theory Y, not Theory X. Strict supervision is associated with Theory X, not Theory Y. And the notion that both theories assume workers are inherently unmotivated isn’t correct because Theory Y specifically argues that people can be motivated when given opportunities and responsibility.