What is industrial relations?

• A. The relationship between management, employees, and unions over pay and working conditions.
• B. The relationship with customers and suppliers.
• C. The relationship between marketing teams.
• D. The relationship with international partners.

Answer: (A)

Industrial relations is about how management and workers interact, especially through unions, over pay, working conditions, and terms of employment. It covers negotiations, collective bargaining, settling disputes, and maintaining a productive workplace. This focus on the workplace relationship between employers, employees, and their unions distinguishes it from relationships with customers, suppliers, internal marketing teams, or international partners, which involve different aspects of running and growing a business.